您必须关注的CFA一级知识点大剖析 - Portfolio
1. An individual wants to invest $100,000 and is considering the following stocks:
stock |
Expected Return |
Standard Deviation of Returns |
A |
12% |
15% |
B |
16% |
24% |
The expected correlation of returns for the two stocks is +0.5. If the investor invests $40,000 in Stock A and $60,000 in Stock B, the expected standard deviation of returns on the portfolio will be:
A. Equal to 20.4%
B. Greater than 20.4% because the correlation coefficient is greater than zero
C. Less than 20.4%
Correct answer = C stock A和B若有效正相关,则expected standard deviation of returns of portfolio = 15%*40000 /(40000+60000) + 24% *60000 / (40000+60000) = 20.4%,题中stock A和B相关系数<1,则其组合标准差必小于20.4%;或者直接计算。
答案是一种解释,两种股票组合的标准差在二者是有效正相关的情况下**。如果A和B是有效正相关的,那么组合的标准差是1 5%×40000 / (40000 + 60000) + 24%×60000 / (40000 + 60000) = 20.4%,但是A和B的相关系数是0.5,小于1,所以组合标准差小于20.4%。直接计算:[(15%)2×0.42 + (24%)2×0.62 +2×0.4×0.6×0.5×0.15×0.24]1/2 =18.16 %
2. The correlation coefficient of two variables is positive, which one is least likely correct?
A. the increase of one variable is caused by the increase of the other one
B. the decrease of one variable is caused by the decrease of the other one
C. the two variables are linearly related
Correct answer = C
When the correlation coefficient of two variables is positive, the two variables are related, but are not always linearly related.
假设两个变量是线性关系的前提下,我们可以计算相关系数;如果相关系数等于零,说明两者没有线性关系,但是可能有其他关系;如果相关系数不等于零,只是说在性线关系假设的前提下,两者有关系,可能是A导致B的变化,也可能是B导致A的变化,也有可能其他变化导致了A的变化。
题目是问Least likely,两者之间的相关系数为正,说明在线性关系假设的前提下,可能是A导致B的变化,也可能是B导致A的变化,也有可能其他变化导致了A的变化;而不能反过来说,A和B是有线性关系的。
例如,Y=X*X,对于数据对(X,Y):(1,1),(2,4),(3,9),两者的相关系数为正的,但是不能说X和Y是线性关系,它们是二次关系。
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